How Much Do People Spend on Fantasy Football

How Much Do People Spend on Fantasy Football How Much Do People Spend on Fantasy Football? How Much Do People Spend on Fantasy Football?Plus: How many work hours a week do people spend on their fantasy teamsâ€"and what percentage of players pay fellow league members to help them cheat?!With nearly 75 million people playing fantasy football all across the US, sometimes it’s hard to tell what folks like more: Watching actual football games or trying to crush their friends in fantasy.But playing fantasy football isn’t just about the sweetness of victory for most people, theres also the chance to win some sweet cash. So as fantasy football leagues across the country hold draft parties and gear up for their season, we wanted to know just how much money people are spendingâ€"and winningâ€"by playing fantasy. That’s why we conducted a survey of over 600 fantasy football players nationwide to get the skinny on how much they are paying to play.Our results found that people are mostly spending responsibly when it comes to fantasy football, with a median league buy-in of $50. O f course, responsible spending also means less exciting prizes, as players reported a median first place prize of only $350. Sure that’s nothing to sniff at, but it might just indicate that money is not the primary motivating factor behind playing. $350 won’t last you long while bragging rights last a full calendar year.Of course, for most fantasy football players, playing in a league means losing money. And for the vast majority of business owners, having employees that play fantasy football means losing money to unproductive work hours. To wit: A whopping 96.6 percent of fantasy football players surveyed said they spent time at their job working on their fantasy team, with a reported average of 6.9 work hours spent on their team per week. That’s almost a full workday lost!Check our survey results in the infographic below, then keep scrolling for some additional breakdowns, including a fun little behind-the-scenes story that led to our most surprising answer (click image to e xpand)How much do league members pay to play?In most leagues, players have to offer a buy-in in order to participate. The winner of the league then collects most of that pot at season’s end. Oftentimes, the second place finisher is also awarded a portion of the pot, while the third place winner is rewarded with having their buy-in returned to them. The size of the pot is determined by the size of the buy-in and the size of the league itself.When it comes to the average dollar amounts for buy-ins and payouts, plus the average number of members in each league, our survey results broke down as follows :Median number of people in a league: 12Median buy-in: $50Median first place: $350Median second place: $150Median third place: $50If you and your friends want to play fantasy football but you dont have a ton of spare cash, no worries! Restructuring your league fees is one of the ways you can play fantasy football without breaking the bank. For more, check our recent blog post,How to Cro wn a Fantasy Football Winner on the Cheap.Fantasy football drafts can be spendy affairs.While some fantasy football leagues simply hold an online draft, many others consider the draft to be an excuse to get together and party. Some go really all-out with it, but even the more modest drafts can be quite the affair. As such, league members will usually all pitch in money to fund the draft party as well as spend some additional dollars on their own food, drink, and transportation.According to our survey results, the average amount that each fantasy football player spent on their league’s draft party was $131. Adding in a $50 buy-in, the average cost of participating in a league is already at over $180â€"and the season hasn’t even started! Still, most of the costs with a league come up front, and the months of enjoyment that league members can get for their participation make it a pretty efficient spend.Players should rethink their draft strategy.There are currently so many fantasy football heads out there cranking out quality content that it can be totally overwhelming to try and settle on a strategy. Still, there is one thing that pretty much every expert agrees on: Don’t draft a quarterback first.The reasoning is simple. There are a lot of quarterbacks in the NFL putting up great stats, and there is only one starting quarterback slot on each fantasy team. Meanwhile, there are far fewer running backs with huge fantasy numbers and, besides, there are two running back and wide receiver slots on each team. Aiming for top running backs and receivers will put you at a far greater advantage than targeting a great QB.And yet, here were the results when we asked players which position they drafted first:56 percent pick a Quarterback first25 percent pick a Running Back first10 percent pick a Wide Receiver first3 percent  pick Defense/Special Teams first4 percent  pick a Kicker first2 percent pick a Tight End firstYikes. If you are serious about winning your fantasy league’s potâ€"or at least getting your buy-in back by finishing thirdâ€"then you seriously need to avoid drafting a quarterback in the first round. On this blog, we talk a lot about how people need a strategy if they want to take control of their finances, and the same goes for playing fantasy football … but a strategy that involves picking QB first is probably not a strategy worth following.Oh, and if you are part of the seven percent of players who drafted a defense/special teams or a kicker first, just go ahead and set your money on fire. Thanks.Punishments for finishing last weren’t too sadistic.The punishment for finishing last in your fantasy football league is a pretty good measure of what kinds of friends/coworkers you’ve managed to surround yourself with. Healthy competition is nice, but overly cruel or unusual punishments for last-place may be a sign that you should get some new friends or start applying for new jobs.Luckily, most of the punishments from our surv ey respondents were pretty normal stuff. Common punishments included:Buying drinks or a meal for everyone elseHosting and paying for a Super Bowl partyDisplaying a loser trophy of some kindWearing a rival team’s jerseySome respondents, however, reported forcing the loser to get a tattoo of the winner’s choosing. Wow. If this is the punishment chosen for the loser of your league, then we wish you luck. Seriously.A lot of workers spend A LOT of work hours on their fantasy teams.Having an office fantasy football league can be a great way to build camaraderie amongst coworkers. Unfortunately, it can also be a fantastic way to lose a lot of man-hours to your employees working on their teams instead of, well, their actual work.96.6 percent of fantasy football players who responded to our survey reported that they spend time at their job working on their fantasy football team. They also reported how much time they spend working on their team: An average of  6.9 hours per week.Given tha t the average workday is eight hours long, that means that the average player is spending  almost an entire working day per week on fantasy football. On the other hand, coworkers are also potentially getting extremely upset at each other over bad trades, close losses, and general tomfoolery … so really it’s a win-win?And what if one of those players turns out to be a big ol’ rotten cheater? What will happen to office morale then? You might think this isn’t a problem in your league, but judging by our survey results, the odds are definitely not in your favor.More players pay money  to cheat than we expected.Please enjoy this peek behind the OppLoans curtain:When we decided to run this survey, a few OppLoans employees had an impromptu meeting about what questions we should include. During this conversation, we got on the topic of how much money people spend on their  fantasy football team in total. One employee, who shall remain nameless, mentioned that a common expenditure in her experience was paying other league members in order to trade for their good players.The rest of us were aghast. This was clearly cheating. Staring back at us with a cold, dead stare, she replied that there was absolutely nothing wrong with this practice, that she assumed everyone did it, and that she felt no remorse. We decided to include a question about paying other league members for trades in this survey in order to get to the bottom of the issue once and for all.Well, judging by our survey results, at least some of horrified coworkers were actually lying liars wearing pants that most definitely on fire. An incredibly worrying 25 percent of fantasy football players surveyed reported paying other league members in order to grease a trade for a superior player. That’s one of out every four participants!In case you were wondering, our nameless coworker was very pleased with these results. The office fantasy football pool this season should be very interesting.If you enjoyed this piece, check out these other original surveys from OppLoans:Summer Jobs: Teens and Young Adults are Working (and Saving!) More Than You ThinkHow Much Would it Cost to Travel to Every Star Wars Filming Location?How Much Parents Spend on Their Kids State by StateHow do  you spend on fantasy football? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Telemedicine Is Not A New Concept - 2090 Words

Telemedicine The term telemedicine is formally defined as â€Å"the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve a patient’s clinical health status† (ATA, 2012). In the 1900s, due to the invention of the telephone and various other avenues of communication, telemedicine medicine was introduced to the world. Throughout the years, varying degrees of advances in telemedicine have been acknowledged but telemedicine truly began receiving recognition in the seventies with the introduction of the personal computer (Ferrer-Roca and Sosa-Iudicissa, 2002). While telemedicine is not a new concept, is has begun to receive more and more recognition due to the advances in technology. As telemedicine†¦show more content†¦The biggest implication of telemedicine is that rural patients and hospitals can obtain better access to specialty care services. In turn, this could lead to earlier diagnoses and treatment which can contribute to improved outcomes and less costly treatment. Those individuals, who do not have access to care, are unable to leave their homes, or miss work to see their physicians, would be able to take advantage of telemedicine services. While Telemedicine is a broad category and can include various tools and indications, the methods in which Telemedicine is communicated between providers and patients has specific methods of application. The most popular methods of utilizing telemedicine are store-and-forward, remote monitoring and interactive services. These methods are explained in more detail below (Center for Connected Health Policy, 2014): †¢ Store-and-forward telemedicine involves transmitting medical data to a provider or medical specialist through a secure method of communication. Data most often sent through this method of transmission are X-rays, MRIs, photos, pathology reports, patient data, etc. This method of telemedicine more often than not uses an electronic format as the component to transfer patient information between providers. †¢ Remote monitoring enables medical professionals to monitor aShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The American Telemedicine Association1463 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The American Telemedicine Association defines in their web site Telemedicine as the use of electronic communications systems in the exchange of medical information from one site to another in an effort to improve a patient’s health status. 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Rural area will get the advantagesRead MoreA Brief Note On Health Informatics And Telemedicine1486 Words   |  6 Pagesinformatics and telemedicine are providing greater access to healthcare resources. Discuss the role of the Registered Nurse in improving access to healthcare in rural and remote areas. Health informatics and telemedicine are not new in the world of health profession. It has long been playing a major role in the delivery of health care to patients and consumers especially in rural and remote areas. Health Informatics is the appropriate and innovative application of the concepts and technologiesRead MoreThe Importance Of The Seattle Cancer Service Area887 Words   |  4 Pages Idaho (WAMI) region as they increase their research ideas into groundbreaking discoveries for cancer specialists and lifesaving realities for cancer patients. This will essentially improve the standards of, which care is being provided by through new techniques. The SCCA intends on providing care directly to the Seattle area by engaging in strategic partnerships with Northwest Hospital, Evergreen Hospital, and other hospitals in the Pacific Northwest region. They also serve as a national and internationalRead MoreOrganizational Program Design Project Design1466 Words   |  6 Pagesinherent d ifferences between goals. With the plan to implement a new telemedicine program to allow improved performance of basic healthcare service, inherent conflict exist among the staff as each of them have their different strategies to this common goal. Cognitive Conflict Is seen when the different ideas are not compactible - John Lafitte, a new graduate in the team (MHA degree) has new ideas from school and wants to try those new approaches which seem different from other people ideas Affective

Macbeth Tragic Flaw Essay - 1604 Words

William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, is ranked among the four great tragedies of the world, of ancient as well as of modern times. The concept of the tragedy is Elizabethan. These tragedies are basically tales of suffering that ultimately result in death. The protagonist in these tragedies is not only notably placed socially but is also conspicuous for his qualities of head and heart. In the tragedy, the society is largely affected by the fall of the supremacy of the central character. Like, in Macbeth, the decadence from a hero to a villain greatly affects the fate of the nation, i.e., Scotland. Of all the four tragedies of Shakespeare, Macbeth is the shortest and simplest. The extreme simplicity†¦show more content†¦Despite knowing the dreadful nature of the crime he was committing, Macbeth does not stop himself and goes on to make the nation a synonym of hell. The suffering of Macbeth was justifiable to his wickedness. Chapter 2 Summary of Macbeth The play commences with the scene of the trinity of witches and is then followed by King Duncan getting introduced to the news of Macbeth and Banquo’s victory over the two treacherous noblemen, Thane of Cawdor and Macdonworld. Macbeth is praised as ‘Valour’s minion’, ‘Bellona’s bridegroom’, and King Duncan has full faith in his loyalty. Macbeth and Banquo encounter– the trio of witches on their way back to the King’s landing and the witches address Macbeth as the Thane of Cawdor and also prophecy that he is soon to become the King of Scotland. They also forecast that Banquo would be the father of the King. The messengers of the king soon arrive and greet Macbeth with his new title, and hence proving the first prophecy to be true. That strikes a light of hope in Macbeth’s heart that perhaps he would soon become the King of Scotland as predicted by the witches. He informs his wife, Lady Macbeth about all thi s. 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Motivation and Emotion Free Essays

Abstract Motivation has long been studied and explained by wide a variety of factors by nearly all psychologists beginning with Freud and Maslow, whose theories are still widely taught. Is motivation influenced by reward, or are there emotional factors at work that affect the outcome or existence of motivation? Do our emotions motivate us to do what is best for us as an individual, the species as a whole, or for someone else? The history of various emotional and motivational theories will be discussed and the idea that emotion is directly involved with the different types of motivation will be explored along with a sampling of research supporting this supposition. It is our hypothesis that certain emotional triggers affect motivation depending on the type of trigger and emotional state of the participant. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Emotion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Annotated Bibliography Bickhard, Mark H. (Date Unknown). â€Å"Motivation and Emotion: An interactive process model†. Lehigh University [WWWdocument]. URL http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/motemotion.html. Mark Bickhard is a Henry R. Luce Professor of Cognitive Robotics and the Philosophy of Knowledge, Director at Lehigh University, Institute for Interactivist Studies and Editor, New Ideas in Psychology. His teaching and research experience is extensive. Mr. Bickhard has authored or co-authored four books and his achievements include recognition from many esteemed professional associations. He continues his work on psychology and philosophy with an emphasis on motivation. Changing Minds (2007). â€Å"Motivation†. Explanations. Changingminds.org [WWWdocument]. URL http://changingminds.org/explanations/motivation/motivation.htm. Changingminds.org asserts that they are â€Å"the largest site in the world on all aspects of how we change what others think, believe, feel and do.† The information on motivation theories is comprehensive and includes â€Å"source credibility†. The site will be used to outline an overview of current and historical theory regarding motivation. Mark Devon studied evolutionary theory at Harvard University. Through his studies in evolution he developed categories for the most common human emotions and asserts â€Å"You are always doing what is best for the species.† He explores how the various human emotions are related to this motivation. The â€Å"conception† type of emotion guides one’s behavior. Heffner Media Group (2004). â€Å"Motivation and Emotion†. Allpysch Online Chapter 7, [WWWdocument]. URL http://allpsych.com/psychology101/motivation/. Heffner Media Group, Inc. is a group of educators from a university who first brought education materials in technology and mental health online in the early years of the Internet. Specializing in media for educational settings, the group is currently working on several projects related to online education, including online training for mental health professionals in the form of continuing education. The Allpsych website focuses on topics relating to psychology and summarizes the findings of well-known professionals in the field. Isaacowitz, D.M. (2006). â€Å"Motivated Gaze: The view from the gazer†. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 68-72. [WWWdocument]. URL http://www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/onlyhuman/motivated_gaze.pdf. Dr. Isaacowitz is in charge of the Emotion Lab at Brandeis University. He prepared this study with the theory that psychological properties influence the factors in gazing: â€Å"Optimists gaze less at negative, unpleasant images than do pessimists, and older individuals look away from negative faces and toward happy faces.† This is an important aspect of motivation in that optimists will avoid behaviors (lack of motivation) when faced with negative images. James, William (1884). â€Å"What is an Emotion?† Mind, 9, 188-205. Classics in the History of Psychology [WWWdocument]. URL http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/emotion.htm. Long before modern scientific method, William James attempted to explain the concept of emotion. His theory states â€Å"the bodily changes follow directly the PERCEPTION of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the [p.190] same changes as they occur IS the emotion.† His exploratory hypothesis was the basis for much later research and important in its historical significance. Johnson, Kelly M. (1997). â€Å"Human Sexual Motivation†. California State University, Northridge. [WWWdocument]. URL http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/students/sexmotiv.htm. The author performed her research study at California State University with the intent to explore motivations that prompt sexual behavior. â€Å"As a factor involved in sexual motivation, it is not unusual to be associated with motivation and to simultaneously be associated with other variables that are themselves identified as related to sexual motivation and which may or may not belong to the same category. Thus, identifying categories and then placing the elements of sexual motivation into discrete categories is a difficult, if not impossible task. Rather than attempting to do so, the current author will identify the variables that have been linked to sexual motivation and identify, where possible, any mediating variables.† Maslow, A.H. (1943). â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396. Classics in the History of Psychology [WWWdocument]. URL http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm. Maslow was one of the first in his field to define motivation and his classic theory is still used today. Maslow’s positive theory of motivation is based on â€Å"basic needs†, including the need for self-actualization, whereby emotion plays a large factor. â€Å"A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy.† Brian Parkinson, contributing editor, is a professor at the University of Leicester, England. His contribution refers to â€Å"the psychology of emotion. The concept is introduced by cataloguing examples of emotions (love, anger, fear, and so on), by exploring the internal constitution of emotional reactions, and finally by contrasting emotion with cognition. Emotion is conceived as a syndrome of more or less integrated components usually including the following four factors: cognitive appraisals, bodily reactions, action tendencies, and expressive movements.† Sexual motivation is one of the many motivating factors influenced by emotion (pleasure). The author, Joanna Schaffhausen, earned a B.S. in psychology from Tufts University in 1996. She is currently a graduate student at Yale University, interested in the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Her article for Scientific Learning, an organization that collects psychological research findings, focuses on the aspect of reward as motivation and how emotional factors influence both learning and motivation. How to cite Motivation and Emotion, Essay examples

Motivation and Emotion Free Essays

Abstract Motivation has long been studied and explained by wide a variety of factors by nearly all psychologists beginning with Freud and Maslow, whose theories are still widely taught. Is motivation influenced by reward, or are there emotional factors at work that affect the outcome or existence of motivation? Do our emotions motivate us to do what is best for us as an individual, the species as a whole, or for someone else? The history of various emotional and motivational theories will be discussed and the idea that emotion is directly involved with the different types of motivation will be explored along with a sampling of research supporting this supposition. It is our hypothesis that certain emotional triggers affect motivation depending on the type of trigger and emotional state of the participant. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Emotion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Annotated Bibliography Bickhard, Mark H. (Date Unknown). â€Å"Motivation and Emotion: An interactive process model†. Lehigh University [WWWdocument]. URL http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/motemotion.html. Mark Bickhard is a Henry R. Luce Professor of Cognitive Robotics and the Philosophy of Knowledge, Director at Lehigh University, Institute for Interactivist Studies and Editor, New Ideas in Psychology. His teaching and research experience is extensive. Mr. Bickhard has authored or co-authored four books and his achievements include recognition from many esteemed professional associations. He continues his work on psychology and philosophy with an emphasis on motivation. Changing Minds (2007). â€Å"Motivation†. Explanations. Changingminds.org [WWWdocument]. URL http://changingminds.org/explanations/motivation/motivation.htm. Changingminds.org asserts that they are â€Å"the largest site in the world on all aspects of how we change what others think, believe, feel and do.† The information on motivation theories is comprehensive and includes â€Å"source credibility†. The site will be used to outline an overview of current and historical theory regarding motivation. Mark Devon studied evolutionary theory at Harvard University. Through his studies in evolution he developed categories for the most common human emotions and asserts â€Å"You are always doing what is best for the species.† He explores how the various human emotions are related to this motivation. The â€Å"conception† type of emotion guides one’s behavior. Heffner Media Group (2004). â€Å"Motivation and Emotion†. Allpysch Online Chapter 7, [WWWdocument]. URL http://allpsych.com/psychology101/motivation/. Heffner Media Group, Inc. is a group of educators from a university who first brought education materials in technology and mental health online in the early years of the Internet. Specializing in media for educational settings, the group is currently working on several projects related to online education, including online training for mental health professionals in the form of continuing education. The Allpsych website focuses on topics relating to psychology and summarizes the findings of well-known professionals in the field. Isaacowitz, D.M. (2006). â€Å"Motivated Gaze: The view from the gazer†. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 68-72. [WWWdocument]. URL http://www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/onlyhuman/motivated_gaze.pdf. Dr. Isaacowitz is in charge of the Emotion Lab at Brandeis University. He prepared this study with the theory that psychological properties influence the factors in gazing: â€Å"Optimists gaze less at negative, unpleasant images than do pessimists, and older individuals look away from negative faces and toward happy faces.† This is an important aspect of motivation in that optimists will avoid behaviors (lack of motivation) when faced with negative images. James, William (1884). â€Å"What is an Emotion?† Mind, 9, 188-205. Classics in the History of Psychology [WWWdocument]. URL http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/emotion.htm. Long before modern scientific method, William James attempted to explain the concept of emotion. His theory states â€Å"the bodily changes follow directly the PERCEPTION of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the [p.190] same changes as they occur IS the emotion.† His exploratory hypothesis was the basis for much later research and important in its historical significance. Johnson, Kelly M. (1997). â€Å"Human Sexual Motivation†. California State University, Northridge. [WWWdocument]. URL http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/students/sexmotiv.htm. The author performed her research study at California State University with the intent to explore motivations that prompt sexual behavior. â€Å"As a factor involved in sexual motivation, it is not unusual to be associated with motivation and to simultaneously be associated with other variables that are themselves identified as related to sexual motivation and which may or may not belong to the same category. Thus, identifying categories and then placing the elements of sexual motivation into discrete categories is a difficult, if not impossible task. Rather than attempting to do so, the current author will identify the variables that have been linked to sexual motivation and identify, where possible, any mediating variables.† Maslow, A.H. (1943). â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396. Classics in the History of Psychology [WWWdocument]. URL http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm. Maslow was one of the first in his field to define motivation and his classic theory is still used today. Maslow’s positive theory of motivation is based on â€Å"basic needs†, including the need for self-actualization, whereby emotion plays a large factor. â€Å"A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy.† Brian Parkinson, contributing editor, is a professor at the University of Leicester, England. His contribution refers to â€Å"the psychology of emotion. The concept is introduced by cataloguing examples of emotions (love, anger, fear, and so on), by exploring the internal constitution of emotional reactions, and finally by contrasting emotion with cognition. Emotion is conceived as a syndrome of more or less integrated components usually including the following four factors: cognitive appraisals, bodily reactions, action tendencies, and expressive movements.† Sexual motivation is one of the many motivating factors influenced by emotion (pleasure). The author, Joanna Schaffhausen, earned a B.S. in psychology from Tufts University in 1996. She is currently a graduate student at Yale University, interested in the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Her article for Scientific Learning, an organization that collects psychological research findings, focuses on the aspect of reward as motivation and how emotional factors influence both learning and motivation. How to cite Motivation and Emotion, Essay examples

Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay Example

Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay The question ‘Should Ethical Principles be applied by Multi-National Companies definitely deserves serious answer as this question deals with the economic condition of employees and workers. Also, these multi- National companies played an important economic role in the host country not only in the form of government taxes but in the employment of hundreds if not thousands of workers, which in turn, their families economic needs depends on their take home pay.Winkler and Remisova in their paper defined business ethics as â€Å"an official document of a company that specifies ethical norms, principles, values and ideals† (par. 1).   This definition tried to explain that these codes will serve as guidelines for the employees to behave ethically towards external groups, and that the companies set and apply these ethical principles in order to â€Å"achieve different objectives among others the prevention of incidents caused by ethical misbehavior, better fulfillment of st akeholders’ needs, enhancement of stakeholders’ trust in the company, as well as protection against control and punishment by external authorities (Kaptein as cited by Winkler and Remisova, par. 1).In the paper written by Ingo Winkler and Anna Remisova entitled ‘Do Corporate Codes of Ethics Reflect Issues of Societal Transformation,’ presented the different approaches of the Western German and Slovak companies in the application of ethical principles.   The paper presented that the corporate codes of ethics from these two great enterprises differ as they face ethical situations; the Slovak companies usually â€Å"mirror the specific transformational circumstances in the country† while the German companies â€Å"experience a broader range of relevant ethical problems and codes are internally oriented† (Winkler and Remisova, abstract).   This only indicates that ethical principles applied usually based on the cultural orientation of the com pany as it relates to the environment.   The authors added that the â€Å"negative experiences within the past process of transformation and in part the socialist heritage are the main reasons for the differences between the two samples† (abstract).Most companies exist having written policy with the purpose of integrating company values and ethical principles and help organize and control employee for the sake of the company.   Herbert W. Lovelace stated that these companies have these written policies that require ethical behavior but in many cases, managers live only by the words and not by practice (Lovelace, summary, par. 1).   The emphasis of the statement of Lovelace is the gap going on between the practice and the principles especially in the presence of personal gain and the value of treating people fairly.   The author cited the case wherein the company in order to cut expenses, they need sometimes to demote or fire employees in form of reorganization (Lovela ce, par. 3).This fact about principles and practice of ethics in the business has been supported by Eleanor O’Higgins as she discussed why many companies especially multinational companies are fell behind of the supposed to be backbone of the company.   She said that â€Å"principles can easily fall by the wayside under pressure; pressure can emanate from outside forces, like competition or regulation or from within the organization itself† (O’Higgins, par. 2).   She explained further that out of those temptations in the company, employees usually coerced to behave contrary to their own principles and the company’s principles until this behavior became commonplace in an organization.   She emphasized that there is not organization that is exempted from temptation (par. 3), and this is more common in companies with highly competitive environments, highly diversified, complex organizations with far-flung geographical operations; business that rely on government contracts, businesses with products or services that my impact on public health and safety; competing for high stakes; weak corporate governance structures and processes; and, principled people, especially leaders really count but can be hard to find.   One of the consequences according to O’Higgins is that these companies will find difficulty controlling business units and subsidiaries that are â€Å"subject to different industry and political, social and cultural environment and competitive pressures† (par. 9).Worse is, according to O’Higgins, those who made it to the top are those personalities characterized as powerful in decision-making, egocentric, insincere, dishonesty, corrupt, and sometimes â€Å"ruthless murderous hostility towards anyone who threatens their position† (par. 25).The Significance of Ethical PrinciplesDespite substandard society due to lack of ethical principles, moral upgrading is still very significant for many reaso ns.   In the article written by Sven Helin and Johan Sandstrom, they explained that more and more corporations worldwide are â€Å"developing and implementing corporate code of ethics that consists of moral standards that is used to guide employee or corporate behavior† (p. 1).   The idea of a code according to Graves as cited by Helin and Sandstrom, is not a â€Å"cure-all, and it possesses no magic powers by which it can change moral darkness into light† (p. 1).   The author further stated that despite that, it is an effective instrument†¦ that can contribute much to the cause of truth and honor to business relationship† (par. 1).Applying ethical principles globally by these Multi-National companies will surely positively affects the condition of these workers; perhaps their take home pay will become a little bit more uplifting economically. But what is this global ethical principle?John Eade and Darren O’Byrne pointed out that global ethics i s new term which has come into use in the last few decades. They noted that it signifies â€Å"something increasingly important in how we construct and address questions concerning how we ought to live in the global context† (p. 74). Multi-National companies must recognize this global ethics and obliged to commits themselves to apply global ethical principles in their global business operation. How ever, there is a problem as there seems to have no clear consensus on how the frameworks of these ethical principles should be constructed.However, many multinational corporation begin to acknowledge the importance of ethics in the business; profits should be earned upon an ethical foundation for they go hand in hand which must be done strategically.   Findings have showed that companies that hold on ethical principles have increased remarkably its profit and developed further stronger relations with clientele and even shareholders.   Ethical principles also helped to lessen co nflicts between differing interests of people in the company from the owner down to community.Ethics in Business as a Social ResponsibilitySocial responsibility is regarded by many social analysts as an area of business ethics in which it emphasizes every company’s obligation to society and humanity.  Ã‚   Business therefore must help cultivate and maintain ethical principles and practices and at the same time maintaining the business to grow higher.According to John Kirton and Michael Trebilcock, There is now a wide spread agreement that multi-national companies â€Å"do have responsibilities that extend their share holder to their stake holders the values and principles on which regulatory frame work should be constructed and a supportive foundations of dialogue and debate with in and across the government, private, and voluntary sector† (p. 18). Kirton and Trebilcock pointed out that the problem is how the general principles should be interpreted and applied, who should be involved in the interpretive enterprise and how responsibility for ensuring respect and compliance be assigned† (p. 18).   These questions are fundamental because most of these multinational companies protect their profit and they may not initiate such commitments.   Harbhajan Kehal and Vaninder Singh noted that defining code of ethics which would be acceptable to all business organization in all cultures â€Å"has been said to be an impossible task† (p. 12).But they pointed out that since there are some ethical values that can do cross cultural boundaries, then, it could be possible to choose a set of ethical values and construct a set of guiding principles that would be universally acceptable.   They cited current efforts on the international scene which is â€Å"considering the programs that encourage a culture of mutual respect in which everyone understands and values the similarities and differences among employees, customers, communities, and othe r stakeholders.   Kehal and Singh pointed out that besides these global ethics issues, there are some more ethic issues that â€Å"should be the core for any particular company’s code of ethics.†Ã‚   These are follows: diversity, equal opportunity and respect in the work place, environment, health and safety, financial integrity, and accurate company records.   Ethical principles are significant to be applied globally by multinational companies even though they are moral responsibilities that pose threat to their commercial goals and profits.Michael Santoro emphasized that corporate executives and human rights advocates alike need to understand that when it comes to human rights, the world is   entitled to expect multinational corporations to their fair share† (p. 158).   In other words, applying ethical principles globally should not be an option for these multinational companies but an obligation to get huge profit from the skills and work effort of the workers.   This obligation must be based from a framework of moral duties about a minimum standard that should be expected of all.Santoro pointed out some questions such as: (1) What in particular situations should a company fulfill its moral duties while minimizing the possibility of economic loss? (2) What significance should the potential of economic loss have in assessing moral responsibility for human rights that would help multinational companies construct ethical principles they could apply in their global operation (p. 96), given the fact that there can be no unified ethical principles that apply to every business situation, as ethical practices differ in different cultures.Another paragraph most authors argued that there are practical difficulties in selecting particular ethical principles that could be universally applied.   R.G. Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman pointed out that this is because â€Å"background institutions such as socialism, capitalism and cultura l and religious mores confound cross-cultural operations† (p. 546).   Frey and Heath Wellman noted that â€Å"these background institutions create different ethical points of view, and because of their endemic nature, they are difficult for a corporation to confront† (p. 546).Towards Executive ExcellenceNo one in the world of business is excused from becoming morally upright.   As George Ritcheske pointed out in his article that, â€Å"abuses of power and a lack of integrity among business leaders are seemingly rampant† (Ritcheske, abstract par. 1).   Yet, he emphasized that people need to â€Å"run business in accordance with timeless principles.†Ã‚   This could be a difficult battle but if someone aims for a stronger foundation and a successful business, he or she has to be morally upright.   In his article, he presented four principles that a company must take hold on to in order to be ethically principled.   He enumerated them as follows: (1) Do what is right and tell the truth, (2) Trust is a must, (3) Recognize and build people, (4) Respect the importance of balance (Ritcheske, abstract, par.1).   He further emphasized that when a leader begin with honesty, trust, recognition and balance, they can build an organization that â€Å"offers products and services, treats its employees as essential for success, and rises above the competition† (par. 9).Llewellyn E. Piper stated in her article entitled ‘Ethics: The Evidence of Leadership’ that â€Å"†¦leaders must have the ability to make decisions based on ethics† (par. 1).   The reason for this according to her is that, leadership must have values grounded on ethical principles â€Å"to ensure the survivability of an organization† (abstract, par. 1).   She made this idea because in her observations, there are many organizations today that do not give much emphasis on a culture of ethics and because of that, many leaders face eth ical problems and issues.   In the same way, philosophy is encouraged to learn again as it provides definitions, guidelines and models that could assist everyone in pursuing ethical principles in the company.ConclusionI believe that multinational companies can apply ethical principles at least in their own global operations if only they would wish to do so.   It is quite clear that there is certainly no unified ethical principle for these multinational companies particularly because they operate on different countries with each differing cultural backgrounds and social orientation and educational and religious orientation.   However, since the issue of ethical principle is global and that there are widely accepted ethical principles such as, we ought to respect one another’s right, fairness and so forth, there is really a strong ground that these multinational companies should apply ethical principle.As most literature has pointed out, multinational companies have moral responsibilities in the host country, as well as in the condition of their workers.   Many multinational companies tend to exploit the host countries’ weakness by offering minimal per day wages as compared to other country with relatively strong economic condition.   Others however merely exploit the mineral resources of the host country such as mining in most African countries by European multinational companies.   In Angola for example, most Angolans denounced the system which these multinational companies employed.   These companies hired overseas workers and pay them relatively higher than local Angolan workers.   Much worse is that these locals are given the difficult work assignment with very low wages while their own country’s minimal resources are being shipped out of their country.   Thus, despite of their diamonds and other mineral deposits, most of the African countries live in extreme poverty.Kirton and Trebilcock pointed out a similar case of a Canadian corporation in Southern Sudan.   Kirton and Trebilcock noted that nearly two million people in Sudan have been killed since Civil War broke out in 1983, and more than 4.5 million people have internally affected and displaced.   Kirton and Trebilcock noted that this Canadian firm, Talisman energy which is engaged in oil operations â€Å"have focused on its contribution to the massive displacement of people on and around the drilling site, and the millions of dollars in oil revenues going to the central government from the sale of its oil that has increased the regime’s capacity to wage civil war and reduced its incentives to negotiate in good faith with opposition interest† (p. 18).They further noted that despite of Talisman’s endorsement of the international code of ethics for Canadian business and its commitment to issuing an annual corporate social responsibility report, they find that Talisman’s interests and authority are such that â₠¬Å"its activities necessarily undermine international human rights in Sudan† (p. 18).These particular instances are global concerns especially pertaining to human rights that must be addressed to.   Thus, ethical principles are not only applied within business relations but also international relations of countries.   Ethical principles do not simply guide behavior of staff and employees but also an obligation to humanity.   Through which, multinational companies must endeavor to establish a company founded on ethical principles.

buy custom Attention and Concentration in Sports and Exercise

buy custom Attention and Concentration in Sports and Exercise Importance of Attention and Concentration for Athlete Abstract The ability to pay attention and concentrate is one of the most important areas in the psychology of sports. Athletes and sportsmen are likely to be disrupted by booze and buzz that comes with the sports celebrity status. Thus there is a need to ensure that an athlete continues to concentrate and pay attention to the game instead of focusing on distractions. Even in circumstances where the athletes are sure they would lose the game, they must continue to fight until the end of the game. Without concentrating and paying attention to the main objective, athletes are likely to focus on irrelevant cues while ignoring the important ones. Sport psychologists have come up with ways to help athletes and sportsmen to focus their attention and concentration on critical parts of the game, thus avoiding distractions. But sometimes they need training so that they can improve their performance in sports. This paper is a research paper that explores the issues that are related to concentration and attention in sports and exercise. Key words: concentration, attention, sports, athletes, psychology